The Legendary Art of the Trauma and the Founder of Antique Salamis

Greek island in the North Aegean

Regional unit in North Aegean, Greece

Lesbos Λέσβος
Regional unit
Regional unit of Lesbos Περιφερειακή ενότητα της Λέσβου (Greek)
April 2010 view of Mytilene
Lesbos inside the N Aegean
Lesbos
Coordinates: 39°12′36″Due north 26°16′48″East  /  39.21000°Due north 26.28000°E  / 39.21000; 26.28000 Coordinates: 39°12′36″Due north 26°xvi′48″Eastward  /  39.21000°N 26.28000°E  / 39.21000; 26.28000
Country	Greece
Region	North Aegean
Capital	Mytilene
Area
• Total	1,632.viii km2 (630.iv sq mi)
Population (2020)
• Full	114,880
• Density	70/km2 (180/sq mi)
Demonym(southward)	Lesbian Lesvian
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal codes	81x xx
Surface area codes	225x0

Lesbos or Lesvos (, also ; Greek: Λέσβος, romanized: Lésvos [ˈlezvos]) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea, often called Mytilene ( Μυτιλήνη ) in Greece, after its upper-case letter.^[1] Information technology has an expanse of one,633 km² (631 sq mi)^[2] with 321 kilometres (199 miles) of coastline, making information technology the tertiary largest island in Greece. It is separated from Turkey by the narrow Mytilini Strait and in late Palaeolithic/Mesolithic times^[3] was joined to the Anatolian mainland before the end of the Last Glacial Menstruation.

Lesbos is also the proper noun of a regional unit of measurement of the North Aegean region, inside which Lesbos island is i of five governing islands. The others are Chios, Ikaria, Lemnos, and Samos. The Due north Aegean region governs nine inhabited islands: Lesbos, Chios, Psara, Oinousses, Ikaria, Fournoi Korseon, Lemnos, Agios Efstratios and Samos. The uppercase of the North Aegean Region is Mytilene. The population of Lesbos, which sometimes is called the Island of the Poets,^[4] is approximately 100,000, a tertiary of whom live in its capital, Mytilene, in the southeastern part of the island. The remaining population is distributed in small towns and villages. The largest are Plomari, Kalloni, the Gera Villages, Agiassos, Eresos, and Molyvos (the ancient Mythimna).

According to after Greek writers, Mytilene was founded in the 11th century BC by the family unit Penthilidae, who arrived from Thessaly and ruled the city-land until a popular defection (590–580 BC) led past Pittacus of Mytilene concluded their rule. In fact, the archaeological and linguistic record may indicate a late Iron Age inflow of Greek settlers although references in Tardily Statuary Age Hittite archives indicate a likely Greek presence then. The name Mytilene itself seems to exist of Hittite origin. Co-ordinate to Homer'southward Iliad, Lesbos was part of the kingdom of Priam, which was based in Anatolia. Much piece of work remains to be done to determine merely what happened and when. In the Eye Ages, it was under Byzantine and then Genoese rule. Lesbos was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1462. The Ottomans and then ruled the isle until the First Balkan War in 1912, when it became part of the Kingdom of Greece.

The isle is widely known equally the home of the ancient Greek poet Sappho, from whose association with homosexuality the word lesbian derives its modern meaning.

Etymology [edit]

The name is from Ancient Greek Λέσβος (Lésbos) 'forested, woody', possibly a Hittite borrowing, as the original Hittite name for the island was Lazpa. An older proper noun for the isle that was maintained in Aeolic Greek was Ἴσσα (Íssa).

Geography [edit]

Mount Olympus' elevation rises 967 metres over Lesbos

Lesbos lies in the far east of the Aegean body of water, facing the Turkish coast (Gulf of Edremit) from the north and east; at the narrowest signal, the strait is nearly 5.5 km (three.iv mi) wide. The shape of the isle is roughly triangular, but it is deeply intruded by the gulfs of Kalloni, with an entry on the southern coast, and of Gera, in the southeast.^[5]

The island is forested and mountainous with two large peaks, Mount Lepetymnos at 968 k (3,176 ft) and Mount Olympus at 967 m (iii,173 ft) (not to be dislocated with Mount Olympus in Thessaly on the Greek mainland), dominating its northern and cardinal sections.^[6] The island's volcanic origin is manifested in several hot springs and the two gulfs.

Lesbos is verdant, aptly named Emerald Island, with a greater diversity of flora than expected for the isle's size. 11 million olive trees cover 40% of the isle together with other fruit copse. Forests of Mediterranean pines, chestnut copse and some oaks occupy xx%, and the residual is scrub, grassland or urban.

Climate [edit]

The isle has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification). The hateful annual temperature is 18 °C (64 °F), and the hateful annual rainfall is 750 mm (thirty in). Its exceptional sunshine makes it one of the sunniest islands in the Aegean Body of water. Snow and very depression temperatures are rare.

Climate data for Mytilene (1955-2010 averages)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	October	November	Dec	Year
Tape high °C (°F)	twenty.ii (68.four)	21.iii (70.3)	28.0 (82.four)	31.0 (87.eight)	35.0 (95.0)	forty.0 (104.0)	39.5 (103.one)	38.ii (100.viii)	36.2 (97.2)	30.viii (87.4)	27.0 (lxxx.six)	22.v (72.v)	40.0 (104.0)
Boilerplate high °C (°F)	12.ii (54.0)	12.8 (55.0)	15 (59)	19.iii (66.7)	24.3 (75.7)	28.nine (84.0)	31 (88)	thirty.8 (87.4)	27 (81)	22 (72)	17.4 (63.3)	thirteen.9 (57.0)	xx.ix (69.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	9.5 (49.1)	nine.9 (49.viii)	11.6 (52.9)	15.6 (60.ane)	twenty.two (68.4)	24.7 (76.v)	26.6 (79.9)	26.1 (79.0)	22.9 (73.2)	xviii.5 (65.3)	14.three (57.7)	11.3 (52.3)	17.6 (63.7)
Average low °C (°F)	vi.8 (44.2)	seven.0 (44.6)	8.two (46.8)	11.4 (52.v)	fifteen.iii (59.v)	19.6 (67.3)	22 (72)	21.vii (71.one)	18.6 (65.5)	15 (59)	11.iv (52.5)	8.7 (47.7)	thirteen.7 (56.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−4.iv (24.1)	−3 (27)	−one.two (29.8)	four.0 (39.2)	8.4 (47.1)	11.0 (51.8)	fifteen.8 (60.four)	16.3 (61.3)	10.9 (51.6)	5.ii (41.4)	i.4 (34.5)	−1.4 (29.5)	−4.four (24.one)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	111 (4.4)	96.ii (3.79)	70.1 (2.76)	44.8 (1.76)	19.eight (0.78)	half dozen.iv (0.25)	ii (0.1)	2.7 (0.11)	12.4 (0.49)	43.ix (1.73)	97.ane (iii.82)	138.7 (v.46)	670.6 (26.40)
Boilerplate precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	ix.0	eight.one	6.five	iv.8	2.7	0.8	0.iv	0.4	1.3	3.3	6.viii	x.0	54.ane
Average relative humidity (%)	71.0	69.8	57.5	63.9	62.half dozen	57.3	56.0	57.4	59.5	66.one	71.0	72.0	64.5
Source one: Hellenic National Meteorological Service[7]
Source ii: NOAA[8]

Geology [edit]

Petrified forest of Lesbos

The entire territory of Lesbos is "Lesvos Geopark", which is a member of the European Geoparks Network (since 2000) and Global Geoparks Network (since 2004) on business relationship of its outstanding geological heritage, educational programs and projects, and promotion of geotourism.^[9]

This geopark was enlarged from one-time "Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark". Lesbos contains one of the few known petrified forests, called Petrified woods of Lesbos, and information technology has been declared a Protected Natural Monument. Fossilised plants take been plant in many localities on the western part of the island. The fossilised forest was formed during the Belatedly Oligocene to Lower–Middle Miocene, every bit determined by the intense volcanic activity in the area. Neogene volcanic rocks boss the cardinal and western part of the island, comprising andesites, dacites and rhyolites, ignimbrite, pyroclastics, tuffs, and volcanic ash. The products of the volcanic activity covered the vegetation of the expanse and the fossilization process took place during favourable weather. The fossilized plants are silicified remnants of a sub-tropical woods that existed on the northwest role of the island 20–xv 1000000 years ago.

History [edit]

View of the Roman aqueduct

According to Classical Greek mythology, Lesbos was the patron god of the island. Macareus of Rhodes was reputedly the offset male monarch whose many daughters ancestral their names to some of the present larger towns. In Classical myth his sister, Canace, was killed to take him made king. The identify names with female origins are claimed by some^{[ who? ]} to be much before settlements named after local goddesses, who were replaced past gods; yet, in that location is piddling evidence to back up this. Homer refers to the island as "Macaros edos", the seat of Macar. Hittite records from the Belatedly Bronze Age name the isle Lazpa and must have considered its population significant enough to allow the Hittites to "borrow their gods" (presumably idols) to cure their king when the local gods were not forthcoming. It is believed that emigrants from mainland Greece, mainly from Thessaly, entered the island in the Belatedly Bronze Age and ancestral information technology with the Aeolic dialect of the Greek language, whose written grade survives in the poems of Sappho, among others.

The abundant grey pottery ware plant on the island and the worship of Cybele, the great mother-goddess of Anatolia, suggest the cultural continuity of the population from Neolithic times. When the Persian king Cyrus the Great defeated Croesus (546 BC) the Ionic Greek cities of Anatolia and the side by side islands became Persian subjects and remained such until the Persians were defeated by the Greeks at the Boxing of Salamis (480 BC). The island was governed by an oligarchy in archaic times, followed by quasi-commonwealth in classical times. For a short period it was a member of the Athenian confederacy, its apostasy from which is recounted by Thucydides in the Mytilenian Debate, in Book III of his History of the Peloponnesian War. In Hellenistic times, the island belonged to various Successor kingdoms until 79 BC when it passed into Roman hands.

Map of Lesbos by Giacomo Franco (1597)

During the Middle Ages it belonged to the Byzantine Empire. In 802, the Byzantine Empress Irene was exiled to Lesbos later her deposition, and died there.^[eleven] The island served as a gathering base of operations for the fleet of the rebel Thomas the Slav in the early on 820s.^[eleven]

In the tenth century, it was function of the theme of the Aegean Sea, while in the late 11th century it formed a dioikesis nether a kourator in Mytilene.^[11] In the 1090s, the island was briefly occupied past the Seljuk Turkish emir Çaka Bey, but he was unable to capture Methymna, which resisted throughout.^[11] In the twelfth century, the island became a frequent target for plundering raids by the Commonwealth of Venice.^[11]

The entrance of Ipsilou monastery (St. John)

Subsequently the Fourth Cause (1202–1204) the island passed to the Latin Empire, but was reconquered by the Empire of Nicaea sometime after 1224.^[11] In 1354, information technology was granted as a fief to the Genoese Francesco I Gattilusio, whose family unit ruled Lesbos until it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1462.^[xi] It remained under Turkish dominion, named مدللى ( Midilli ) in Turkish, until 1912 when it was taken by Greek forces during the Showtime Balkan War.

The cities of Mytilene and Methymna take been bishoprics since the fifth century. Past the early 10th century, Mytilene had been raised to the status of a metropolitan see. Methymna achieved the aforementioned by the 12th century.^[11]

European warships off Mytilene during the 1905 incident. The Europeans were exerting force per unit area on the Ottomans, to force them to accept their plan for an international committee that would supervise the province of Macedonia.

The oldest artifacts found on the island may appointment to the tardily Paleolithic period.^[12] Important archaeological sites on the isle are the Neolithic cave of Kagiani, probably a refuge for shepherds, the Neolithic settlement of Chalakies, and the all-encompassing abode of Thermi (3000–1000 BC). The largest habitation is institute in Lisvori (2800–1900 BC) part of which is submerged in shallow coastal waters. There are as well several archaic, classical Greek and Roman remains. Vitruvius called the aboriginal city of Mytilene "magnificent and of good sense of taste". Remnants of its medieval history are three impressive castles.

Lesbos is the birthplace of several famous people. In archaic times, Arion developed the type of verse form called dithyramb, the progenitor of tragedy, and Terpander invented the seven note musical calibration for the lyre. Two of the ix lyric poets in the Ancient Greek canon, Alcaeus and Sappho, were from Lesbos. Phanias wrote history. The seminal artistic creativity of those times brings to heed the myth of Orpheus to whom Apollo gave a lyre and the Muses taught to play and sing. When Orpheus incurred the wrath of the god Dionysus he was dismembered by the Maenads and of his body parts his head and his lyre found their way to Lesbos where they have "remained" ever since. Pittacus was one of the 7 Sages of Hellenic republic. In classical times Hellanicus advanced historiography, Theophrastus, the father of botany, succeeded Aristotle as the head of the Lyceum. Aristotle and Epicurus lived at that place for some time, and it is there that Aristotle began systematic zoological investigations.^[13] In later times lived Theophanes, the historian of Pompey's campaigns, Longus wrote the famous novel Daphnis and Chloe, and much later the historian Doukas wrote the history of the early Ottoman Turks. In modern times the poet Odysseus Elytis, descendant of an sometime family of Lesbos, received the Nobel Prize.

The Roman Aqueduct at Mória

Landmarks [edit]

• Petrified woods of Lesbos
• Catholic Church of Theotokos, where part of the relics of Saint Valentine are kept
• Castle of Molyvos (Mithymna)
• Castle of Mytilene
• Castle of Sigri
• Church of Panagia Agiasos
• Monastery of Agios Raphael
• Monastery of Taxiarchis
• Roman Aqueduct of Lesbos (Mória)
• The Bridge at Kremasti
• Early on Christian Basilica of Agios Andreas in Eressos
• Temple of Klopedi
• Christian Temple of Chalinados
• Aboriginal Sanctuary of Messa
• Acropolis of Ancient Pyrra
• Monastery of Ipsilou
• Monastery of Limonas
• Statue of Freedom (Mytilene)
• Ouzo Museum "The World of Ouzo"^[14] in Plomari
• Barbayannis Ouzo Museum (Plomari)
• The Mosque in Parakila
• Catacomb of Mary Magdalene
• Sourlangas Leather Manufactory

Endangered sites [edit]

Twelve historic churches on the isle were listed together on the 2008 World Monuments Fund's Lookout List of the 100 About Endangered Sites in the world. The churches range in appointment from the Early on Christian Menstruum to the 19th century. Exposure to the elements, outmoded conservation methods, and increased tourism are all threats to the structures. The following are the 12 churches:^[15]

• Katholikon of Moni Perivolis
• Early on Christian Basilica Agios Andreas Eressos
• Early Christian Basilica Afentelli Eressos
• Church of Agios Stephanos Mantamados
• Katholikon of Moni Taxiarchon Kato Tritos
• Katholikon of Moni Damandriou Polichnitos
• Metamorphosi Soteros Church in Papiana
• Church of Agios Georgios Anemotia
• Church of Agios Nikolaos Petra
• Monastery of Ipsilou
• Church of Agios Ioannis Kerami
• Church building of Taxiarchon Vatousa

Administration [edit]

Lesbos is a divide regional unit of measurement of the North Aegean region, and since 2019 it consists of ii municipalities: Mytilene and Westward Lesbos.^[xvi] Betwixt the 2011 Kallikratis government reform and 2019, there was one unmarried municipality on the island: Lesbos, created out of the 13 erstwhile municipalities on the island. At the same reform, the regional unit Lesbos was created out of part of the former Lesbos Prefecture.^[17]

The municipality of Mytilene consists of the following municipal units (onetime municipalities):

• Agiasos (Αγιάσος)
• Evergetoulas (Ευεργέτουλας)
• Gera (Γέρα)
• Loutropoli Thermis (Λουτρόπολη Θερμής)
• Mytilene (Μυτιλήνη)
• Plomari (Πλωμάρι)

The municipality of W Lesbos consists of the following municipal units:

• Agia Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή)
• Eresos-Antissa (Ερεσός-Άντισσα)
• Kalloni (Καλλονή)
• Mantamados (Μανταμάδος)
• Mithymna (Μήθυμνα)
• Petra (Πέτρα)
• Polichnitos (Πολίχνιτος)

Economy [edit]

The building of the former Lesbos Prefecture, and now of the Lesbos Regional Unit

The economic system of Lesbos is essentially agricultural in nature, with olive oil being the master source of income. Tourism in Mytilene, encouraged past its international airport and the littoral towns of Petra, Plomari, Molyvos and Eresos, contribute substantially to the economy of the island. Line-fishing and the industry of soap and ouzo, the Greek national liqueur, are the remaining sources of income.

Media [edit]

• TV: TV Mytilene
• Newspapers: Dimokratis, Embros Lesvou

Tourism [edit]

Lesbos is known to exist i of the Greek island touristic hotspots, especially during its tourism season of Apr, May, June and July.^[18] Mytilene airport management recorded 47,379 tourists visiting Lesbos in its 2015 tourism season. The refugee crisis has since slowed down tourism to the island, with a 67.89% subtract rate from June 2015 to June 2016. 6,841 Europeans on 47 flights arrived in Lesbos during its 2016 tourism flavour, compared to July the previous twelvemonth, which saw 18,373 Europeans wing to the island on 130 flights.^[18] The COVID-19 pandemic has also damaged the island's tourism manufacture.^{[ citation needed ]}

In English language and most other European languages, including Greek, the term lesbian is ordinarily used to refer to homosexual women. This employ of the term derives from the poems of Sappho, who was born in Lesbos and who wrote with powerful emotional content directed toward other women.^[nineteen] Due to this association, the town of Eresos, her birthplace, are visited oft by LGBT tourists.^[twenty]

Migrants [edit]

Due to its proximity to the Turkish mainland, Lesbos is i of the Greek islands almost afflicted past the European migrant crunch that started in 2015. Refugees of the Syrian Civil War came to the island in multiple vessels every day.^[21] Equally of June 2018, 8,000 refugees were trapped when a deal between Europe and Turkey removed their route to the continent in 2016.^{[ description needed ]} After that, living conditions deteriorated and the possibility for movement on to Europe dimmed. Moria Refugee Camp was the largest of the refugee camps and held twice as many people as it was designed to conform.^[22] A smaller-scale facility, the Pikpa camp catered for a segment of the refugee population until its closure in October 2020, whereupon the occupants were transferred to the "old" Kara Tepe Refugee Camp.^[23]

On September ix, 2020, thousands of migrants fled from the overcrowded refugee camps, later burn bankrupt out at the camp of Moria. At least 25 firefighters, with ten engines, were battling the flames both inside and exterior the facility.^[24]

The Greek government maintains that the fires were started deliberately by migrants protesting that the camp had been put in lockdown due to a COVID-19 outbreak amongst the migrants in the camp. On September 16, 2020, iv Afghan men were formally charged with arson for allegedly starting the fire.^[25] Two other migrants, both anile 17, which is below the age of full developed criminal responsibility in Greece, were besides allegedly involved in starting the fire, and were held in police detention on the mainland.^[26]

Afterwards the closure of the Moria military camp, a temporary facility was apace fix upward at Kara Tepe.^[27]

The Greek government announced in Nov 2020 that a new airtight reception centre will exist built in the Vastria area about Nees Kydonies, on the edge between Mytilene and Western Lesbos, and will be completed by tardily 2021.^[28]

Culture [edit]

Cuisine [edit]

Local specialities:

• Chachles, type of tarhana
• Kydonato, meat with quinces
• Revithato, meat with chickpeas
• Sardeles from Kalloni
• Ladotyri Mytilinis, cheese
• Selinato, meat with celery
• Sfougato, omelette
• Skafoudes, stuffed eggplants
• Sougania, stuffed onions
• Ouzo
• Platseda (dessert)
• Finikia (dessert)
• Amygdalota
• Retseli

In pop culture [edit]

• Films shot on the island include Daphnis and Chloe (1931) past Orestis Laskos, The tree under the bounding main (1985) by Philippe Muyl and Ane Love and the Other (1994) past Eva Bergman.
• Lesbos is depicted in Assassin's Creed Odyssey as the northeasternmost Aegean Island, the center of the island is where the player character can encounter Medusa.^[29]

Sports [edit]

The main football clubs in the isle are Aiolikos F.C., Kalloni F.C. and Sappho Lesvou F.C.

Notable residents [edit]

The Nobel Prize winner in Literature, poet Odysseas Elytis (Alepoudellis) was from Lesbos

• Lesches (8th or 7th century BC), early poet
• Sappho (7th and 6th centuries BC), poet
• Terpander (7th century BC), poet and citharede
• Alcaeus of Mytilene (seventh century BC), poet and politician
• Arion (7th century BC), poet
• Aristotle (384–322 BC), philosopher, was built-in in Chalkidike but lived for a time on the isle.
• Theophrastus (370–285 BC), philosopher and botanist, successor to Aristotle
• Theophanes of Mytilene (1st century BC), ancient Greek historian
• Longus (2nd century AD), aboriginal Greek writer
• Theoctiste of Lesbos (9th century), hermit saint
• Constantine Ix Monomachos: Byzantine emperor (1042–1055), resident of Mytilene prior to accession.
• Christopher of Mytilene (11th century), poet
• Doukas, Byzantine historian
• Hayreddin Barbarossa (1470s–1546), Ottoman admiral
• Georgios Jakobides (1853–1932), painter
• Gregorios Bernardakis (1848–1925), classical philologist and palaeographer
• Demetrios Bernardakis, dramatist
• Theophilos Hatzimihail (c. 1870–1934), painter
• Georgios Emmanouil Kaldis (1875–1953) lawyer, journalist and politician
• Tériade (1889–1983), art critic, patron, and publisher
• Hermon di Giovanno (c. 1900–1968), painter
• Odysseas Elytis (1911–1996), poet, Nobel Prize in Literature 1979
• Tzeli Hadjidimitriou (b. 1962), photographer and writer
• Stratis Myrivilis (1890–1969), writer
• Elias Venezis, writer
• Ahmed Djemal (1872–1922), Ottoman commander, politician
• Kostas Kenteris, athlete (running, 200 meters), Gilded Olympic medal Sydney 2000, Globe and European championship gold medal
• Alex Martinez, graffiti artist, illustrator, muralist
• Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (one Apr 1855 – 1922), Chiliad Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
• Tamburi Ali Efendi (1836–1902), Turkish classical composer
• Steffen Streich, ultra-endurance cyclist

Gallery [edit]

• 

• 

  Ottoman flag in Mytilene in the final days of the Ottoman menses

• 

  Greek troops land at Mytilene, 1912

• 

• 

  Extraction of the salt in Lesbos

• 

  Museum of industrial olive oil production, Agia Paraskevi

• 

• 

  Taxiarchis Monastery

Meet besides [edit]

• Adobogiona – an inscription in Lesbos honors this Celtic princess
• Aeolic Greek
• Assos
• Lesbian rule – historically a flexible pb mason's rule associated with Lesbos
• Lesbian vino
• Listing of islands of Greece
• Listing of traditional Greek place names
• University of the Aegean
• Ancient regions of Anatolia

References [edit]

1. ^ "Lesbos locals lose lesbian appeal". news.bbc.co.uk. Greeks often refer to the island as Mytilene, later on its capital.
2. ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. surface area and average tiptop)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
3. ^ Harissis et al. 'A Palaeolithic site on Lesbos isle, Greece'. "Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες"(Archaeology & Arts) 2000;76:83–87, Article in Greek
4. ^ Λέσβος το νησί των ποιητών
5. ^ "Lesbos". Archived from the original on 2010-09-21.
6. ^ "The Petrified Forest of Lesvos, A Unique Natural Monument Recording the Evolutionary Process of Life on Globe". UNESCO Global Geoparks Network. Archived from the original on 2010-06-05.
7. ^ "HNMS". www.hnms.gr. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2011-04-03 .
8. ^ "MITILINI Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
9. ^ "Global Geoparks in Greece (UNESCO)" (PDF).
10. ^ "Sappho and Alcaeus". The Walters Fine art Museum.
11. ^ ^{a b c d east f yard h} Gregory, Timothy E. (1991). "Lesbos". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford Academy Press. p. 1219. ISBN0-nineteen-504652-8.
12. ^ Harissis H.; Durand P.; Axiotis M.; Harissis T. (2000). "Traces of Paleolithic settlement in Lesbos". Archaiologia Kai Technes: 76:83–87 (article in Greek with English abstract).
13. ^ Harissis, H. 2017. 'The location of the euripus of Pyrrha in the works of Aristotle and Strabo'. Acta Classica 60.
14. ^ "The World of Ouzo (Ouzo Museum) - by Ouzo Plomari". theworldofouzo.gr.
15. ^ Churches Of Lesvos accessed July 31, 2014
16. ^ "Τροποποίηση του άρθρου 1 του ν. 3852/2010" [Amendment of Article 1 of l. 3852/2010] (in Greek). Government Gazette. p. 1164.
17. ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Authorities Gazette.
18. ^ ^{a b} Zikakou, Ioanna (2016-07-03). "Tourist Arrivals on Greek Island of Lesvos Drop past 65%". Greek Reporter . Retrieved 2022-01-02 .
19. ^ "lesbian". Dictionary.com Entire. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
20. ^ Carolyn, Bain; Clark, Michael; Hannigan, Des (2004). Greece . Lonely Planet. pp. 568–570. ISBNi-74059-470-3.
21. ^ Tony Hemmings; Bill Neely (thirteen August 2015). "Migrants Crisis: Refugees Attempt to Reach Greek Island of Lesbos". NBCNews.com. Retrieved July ii, 2019.
22. ^ "Later on Fleeing War, Refugee Children Face Lasting Psychological Trauma". nationalgeographic.com. twenty June 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2019. (subscription)
23. ^ The eviction of Pikpa Open Refugee Military camp Lesvos solidarity December 2020 Newsletter, accessed 25 May 2021
24. ^ "Lesbos refugee campsite fire forces thousands to evacuate". The Guardian . Retrieved viii September 2020.
25. ^ "Afghan Migrants Charged With Arson in Fires that Destroyed Lesbos Army camp". The New York Times. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
26. ^ "Afghans Charged With Arson For Fire At Lesbos Camp". The Washington Mail service. 16 September 2020.
27. ^ "Lesvos reacts angrily to plans for new immigrant structure". greekcitytimes.com . Retrieved 24 May 2021.
28. ^ "Λέσβος / Ετοιμάζουν κλειστή δομή για τους πρόσφυγες στη Βάστρια". Αυγή (in Greek). 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-12-sixteen .
29. ^ Loveridge 2018-ten-09T10:50:17ZPS4, Sam. "How to find and shell the Assassinator's Creed Odyssey Medusa". gamesradar . Retrieved 9 Feb 2019.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lesbos.

• Official website (in Greek)
• Lesvos News (in Greek)
• "Prefecture of Lesvos". Maps. Hellenic Ministry of Culture. Archived from the original on April viii, 2007.
• Guide of Lesbos Island (in Greek, English, and Turkish)
• News of Mytilene and Lesvos Isle (in Greek)
• "World's Monuments Picket Listing" (PDF). Globe Monuments Fund (WMF). 2008. Archived from the original on March 20, 2013. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos

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