The Hundred Family Surnames by Yu Dance Arts 2112017
| Hundred Family unit Surnames | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 百家姓 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Bǎijiā Xìng | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Hundred Family Surnames (Chinese: 百家姓), usually known every bit Bai Jia Xing ,[1] also translated as Hundreds of Chinese Surnames ,[2] is a classic Chinese text equanimous of common Chinese surnames. An unknown author compiled the book during the Vocal dynasty (960–1279).[three] The book lists 507 surnames.[3] Of these, 441 are single-character surnames and 66 are double-character surnames.[3] About 800 names have been derived from the original ones.[iv]
In the dynasties post-obit the Vocal, the 13th-century Three Graphic symbol Archetype, the Hundred Family Surnames, and the 6th-century Thousand Character Archetype came to be known as San Bai Qian (Three, Hundred, Yard), from the beginning character in their titles. They served every bit instructional books for children,[5] condign the almost universal introductory literary texts for students (nearly exclusively boys) from elite backgrounds and even for a number of ordinary villagers. Each text was available in many versions, printed cheaply and available to all since they did non become superseded. When a pupil had memorized all three, he had a knowledge of roughly 2,000 characters. Since Chinese did not use an alphabet, this was an constructive, though time-consuming, way of giving a crash course in character-recognition earlier going on to understanding texts and writing characters.[half-dozen]
Grade [edit]
The work is a rhyming poem in lines of viii characters. The surnames are non listed in order of commonality. Co-ordinate to Vocal dynasty scholar Wang Mingqing (王明清), the offset 4 surnames listed represent the most important families in the empire at the fourth dimension:[seven]
- 1st: Zhao ( 趙 ) is the surname of the Vocal dynasty emperors.
- 2d: Qian ( 錢 ) is the surname of the kings of Wuyue.
- 3rd: Sun ( 孫 ) is the surname of the queen Sun Taizhen of Wuyue male monarch Qian Chu.
- 4th: Li ( 李 ) is the surname of the kings of Southern Tang.
The next four, Zhou 周, Wu 吳, Zheng 鄭, and Wang 王, were the surnames of the other wives of Qian Chu, the concluding king of Wuyue.[8]
Complete text [edit]
This text is written in Traditional Chinese. Note that several of these characters may link to the same article.
| 趙 錢 孫 李 | 周 吳 鄭 王 | 馮 陳 褚 衛 | 蔣 沈 韓 楊 |
| 朱 秦 尤 許 | 何 呂 施 張 | 孔 曹 嚴 華 | 金 魏 陶 姜 |
| 戚 謝 鄒 喻 | 柏 水 竇 章 | 雲 蘇 潘 葛 | 奚 范 彭 郎 |
| 魯 韋 昌 馬 | 苗 鳳 花 方 | 俞 任 袁 柳 | 酆 鮑 史 唐 |
| 費 廉 岑 薛 | 雷 賀 倪 湯 | 滕 殷 羅 畢 | 郝 鄔 安 常 |
| 樂 于 時 傅 | 皮 卞 齊 康 | 伍 余 元 卜 | 顧 孟 平 黃 |
| 和 穆 蕭 尹 | 姚 邵 湛 汪 | 祁 毛 禹 狄 | 米 貝 明 臧 |
| 計 伏 成 戴 | 談 宋 茅 龐 | 熊 紀 舒 屈 | 項 祝 董 梁 |
| 杜 阮 藍 閔 | 席 季 麻 強 | 賈 路 婁 危 | 江 童 顏 郭 |
| 梅 盛 林 刁 | 鍾 徐 邱 駱 | 高 夏 蔡 田 | 樊 胡 凌 霍 |
| 虞 萬 支 柯 | 昝 管 盧 莫 | 經 房 裘 繆 | 干 解 應 宗 |
| 丁 宣 賁 鄧 | 郁 單 杭 洪 | 包 諸 左 石 | 崔 吉 鈕 龔 |
| 程 嵇 邢 滑 | 裴 陸 榮 翁 | 荀 羊 於 惠 | 甄 麴 家 封 |
| 芮 羿 儲 靳 | 汲 邴 糜 松 | 井 段 富 巫 | 烏 焦 巴 弓 |
| 牧 隗 山 谷 | 車 侯 宓 蓬 | 全 郗 班 仰 | 秋 仲 伊 宮 |
| 寧 仇 欒 暴 | 甘 鈄 厲 戎 | 祖 武 符 劉 | 景 詹 束 龍 |
| 葉 幸 司 韶 | 郜 黎 薊 薄 | 印 宿 白 懷 | 蒲 邰 從 鄂 |
| 索 咸 籍 賴 | 卓 藺 屠 蒙 | 池 喬 陰 鬱 | 胥 能 蒼 雙 |
| 聞 莘 黨 翟 | 譚 貢 勞 逄 | 姬 申 扶 堵 | 冉 宰 酈 雍 |
| 郤 璩 桑 桂 | 濮 牛 壽 通 | 邊 扈 燕 冀 | 郟 浦 尚 農 |
| 溫 別 莊 晏 | 柴 瞿 閻 充 | 慕 連 茹 習 | 宦 艾 魚 容 |
| 向 古 易 慎 | 戈 廖 庾 終 | 暨 居 衡 步 | 都 耿 滿 弘 |
| 匡 國 文 寇 | 廣 祿 闕 東 | 歐 殳 沃 利 | 蔚 越 夔 隆 |
| 師 鞏 厙 聶 | 晁 勾 敖 融 | 冷 訾 辛 闞 | 那 簡 饒 空 |
| 曾 毋 沙 乜 | 養 鞠 須 豐 | 巢 關 蒯 相 | 查 后 荊 紅 |
| 游 竺 權 逯 | 蓋 益 桓 公 | 万俟 司馬 | 上官 歐陽 |
| 夏侯 諸葛 | 聞人 東方 | 赫連 皇甫 | 尉遲 公羊 |
| 澹臺 公冶 | 宗政 濮陽 | 淳于 單于 | 太叔 申屠 |
| 公孫 仲孫 | 軒轅 令狐 | 鐘離 宇文 | 長孫 慕容 |
| 鮮于 閭丘 | 司徒 司空 | 亓官 司寇 | 仉 督 子車 |
| 顓孫 端木 | 巫馬 公西 | 漆雕 樂正 | 壤駟 公良 |
| 拓拔 夾谷 | 宰父 穀粱 | 晉 楚 閆 法 | 汝 鄢 涂 欽 |
| 段干 百里 | 東郭 南門 | 呼延 歸 海 | 羊舌 微生 |
| 岳 帥 緱 亢 | 況 後 有 琴 | 梁丘 左丘 | 東門 西門 |
| 商 牟 佘 佴 | 伯 賞 南宮 | 墨 哈 譙 笪 | 年 愛 陽 佟 |
| 第五 言 福 | 百 家 姓 終 [notation ane] |
Prevalence in modern times [edit]
In 2013 the Fuxi Establishment compiled a ranking of the 400 most common surnames in Mainland china.[nine]
Under 300th most common [edit]
According to the study, the following surnames are not among the 300 about mutual surnames:[9]
- Yōng 雍 - 339th
- 平 - Ping - 315
- 米 316th
- 湛 369th
Under 400th most common [edit]
According to the study, the post-obit surnames are not among the 400 most common surnames:[ix]
- Bèi (贝/貝)
- Shuǐ (水)
- Wū (邬/鄔)
- Háng (杭)
- Zhú (竺)
- Bǐng (邴)
- Fú (扶)
- Du Dǔ (堵)
- Zǎi (宰)
- Lì (郦/酈)
- Xì (郤)
- Pú (濮)
- Shòu (寿/壽)
- Tōng (通)
- Jia (郏/郟)
- Bié (别/別)
- Chōng (充)
- Xí (习/習)
- Hóng (红/紅)
- Huàn (宦)
- Ài (艾)
- Shèn (慎)
- Yǔ (庾)
- Zhōng (终/終)
- Jì (暨)
- Bù (步)
- Hóng (弘)
- Lù (禄/祿)
- Shū (殳)
- Wò (沃)
- Wèi (蔚)
- Yuè (越)
- Kuí (夔)
- Mù (牧)
- Shè (厍/厙)
- Zī (訾)
- Kōng (空)
- Kuí (隗)
- Shān (山)
- Wú (毋)
- Niè (乜)
- Yang (养/養)
- Xū (须/須)
- Xún (荀)
- Sháo (韶)
- Every two syllable proper noun (except for Ōuyáng (欧阳/歐陽))
See also [edit]
- Chinese surnames
- List of common Chinese surnames
- Seek for Surname History
- 3 Character Archetype
- M Graphic symbol Classic
Notes [edit]
- ^ The terminal four-character line means "thus ends the Hundred Family Surnames." It is non intended to contain surnames.
References [edit]
Citations [edit]
- ^ Ting Hui Lee (2011). Chinese Schools in Peninsular Malaysia: The Struggle for Survival. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 249–. ISBN978-981-4279-21-5.
- ^ Patrick Hanks; Richard Coates; Peter McClure (November 17, 2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. OUP Oxford. pp. 43–. ISBN978-0-nineteen-252747-nine.
- ^ a b c K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Sometime China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Eye Kingdom p. 12. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1285-9.
- ^ Chen, Janey. [1992] (1992). A Practical English-Chinese Pronouncing Dictionary. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-1877-0
- ^ "Taking Stock of Classic Early on Babyhood Readers". Red china Times. June 26, 2014.
- ^ Rawski (1979), pp. 46–48.
- ^ Zhang, Jiansong; Shen, Haixiong (March five, 2006). ""百家姓"排列终有序。姓氏文化有何内涵？" [The "Hundred Family Surnames" are finally bundled in lodge. What is the cultural meaning of the surnames?]. Xinhua News Bureau. Archived from the original on November eight, 2014.
- ^ Chen Danning (September 3, 2014). 钱氏修"百家姓"将钱姓排第2位 钱王妃子姓氏靠前 (in Chinese). China News. Retrieved November vii, 2014.
- ^ a b c Yuan Yida (袁义达), Qiu Jiaru, 邱家儒. 中国四百大姓. Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013
Sources [edit]
- Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida (1979). Didactics and Popular Literacy in Ch'ing Prc. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN0-472-08753-3.
External links [edit]
-
Hundred Family Surnames public domain audiobook at LibriVox in mandarin
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames
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